This is a second edition of the book. The reason for that is that important new information has emerged on the early church (with the addition of Tertullian) and renewal movements within Christianity and Judaism. Healing of the relations between the two traditions is so very vital for the healing of the nations on earth. An integral part of the story is a sociological analysis of the Holocaust, and the emergence of Messianic Judaism. This text has more than an academic purpose but also a pastoral one. It is hoped that this work will assist Christian leaders about the roots of the Christian faith in Judaism. Much of the combined history of both traditions has been division and con ict. The book’s completion with what has been happening in regard to the healing of the many wounds that Christians have in icted on the Jewish people. The time is now with the rise of antisemitism that Christians reach out to our “elder brother” in faith.