This volume contains eight chapters that detail advances in materials science research. Chapter One provides a comprehensive overview of modern materials utilized in various components of supercapacitors, including electrode materials, electrolyte materials, current collectors, binders, and separators. Chapter Two reports on the electrochemical deposition of corrosion-resistant and protective coatings from a recently developed new generation of ionic liquids, the so-called deep eutectic solvents (DES). Chapter Three discusses a study that aims to diminish the raw material from petroleum in plastic production. Chapter Four presents recent advances in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies of Co-MOFs. Chapter Five aims to explain how to characterize the structure of the organic metal cobalt framework-74 (Co-MOF-74) material using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chapter Six provides an in-depth explanation of the thermal characterization of pure and modified Co-MOF-74 materials (Mn, TTF, NDHPI, and Ni) using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Chapter Seven gives an in-depth explanation of how to characterize the structure of currently prepared Co-MOF materials using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Lastly, Chapter Eight details the phase states and surface electrical activity of the low-temperature synthesized fine PbZr1−xTixO3 powders.