Antibiotic drugs or antibacterial drugs are a group of substances that combat disease-causing bacteria. Antibiotic drug discovery refers to a process through which new antibiotic drugs are identified. Antibiotic drugs can be discovered using different models such as computational, experimental, translational, and clinical models. The process of discovering new medications based on knowledge of biological targets is known as drug design. After a lead compound has been identified through the drug discovery process, the process to bring a new pharmaceutical drug to the market begins. This process is called drug development. There are three major steps involved in the process of drug discovery and development. The first step includes carrying out preclinical research using cell-based and animal models. The second step involves carrying out clinical trials on humans. The last step involves obtaining approval from the required regulatory authority for marketing the drugs. This book is a compilation of recent developments in antibiotic drug discovery and development. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the latest advancements in this field.