The study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture is referred to as archaeology. It can be considered as both a social science and a branch of the humanities. The archaeological records consist of biofacts, artifacts, architecture and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be sub-divided into a number of academic sub-disciplines such as historical archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, experimental archaeology and archaeometry. The discipline of archaeology includes surveying, excavation and the analysis of data that is collected to learn more about the past. It is a vast discipline that draws upon various fields including history, anthropology, geography, literary history, sociology, semiology, information sciences, paleography, paleozoology, statistics, etc. Some of the most important methods that are used in archaeology are remote sensing, field survey, excavation, computational and virtual archaeology. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of archaeology. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core aspects of this field. This book is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this discipline.