As is implied by the title, this book is built upon the premise of John 3:5 which states, "Unless a person is born of water and the Holy Spirit they cannot enter the kingdom of God." This body of work examines the sacrament of water baptism, and the baptism of the Holy Spirit in their historical setting. More importantly, this work answers the question, "Are sins taken away by water or spiritual baptism?" Many citations from the New Testament claim that it is the blood of Jesus that cleanses one who believes from their sins, but how is that reality received? These questions and more are answered while an examination of historical issues are covered such as; The re-baptism of heretics joining the church, and the practices of catechumen and the baptism of infants. Proof texts that are used to support the idea of baptismal salvation are reviewed as well as passages of scripture which claim that people who call upon the Lord shall be saved.