Biodiversity is a field that elucidates the rich spectrum of life that exists on Earth. There are great risks that global biodiversity faces at the moment, which are ecological disasters, habitat degradation, geographical isolation, environmental stress and the appearance of non-native invasive species. It is highly important to maintain species diversity and genetic diversity for the propagation of life on Earth. This book studies, analyses and upholds the pillars of biodiversity and its utmost significance in modern times. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.