Rabbitfishes (family Siganidae) are a vital yet often overlooked group of fishes in coral reef and seagrass ecosystems native to the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region. Known broadly as herbivores with low comparative species diversity among tropical fishes, what makes rabbitfishes distinctive and how do these traits contribute to their ecological significance? This book delves into the biology, ecology, evolution, and behaviour of rabbitfishes, from their nutritional adaptations to their complex social behaviours and life histories. It also explores recent invasions into new habitats, their role in fisheries and aquaculture, and highlights promising directions for future research on these essential marine species.