Biotechnology is the application of biology to the creation of new products, organisms and methods with the goal of benefiting the society as well as improving human health. It has a wide range of applications most notably in agriculture and medicine. Modern biotechnology offers innovative products and technologies to lessen environmental footprint, use cleaner and less energy, combat debilitating and uncommon diseases, and have cleaner, safer and more effective industrial manufacturing processes. Biotechnology in agriculture not only aids in increasing productivity but also improves quality of crop production. Another advantage of biotechnology is the creation of crops that are resistant to diseases and pests. Gene editing technology enables targeted and high-precision restructuring of plant genomes which decreases the cost of product development. This book explores all the important aspects of biotechnology and its applications in crop improvement. It consists of contributions made by international experts. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.