The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and a network of blood vessels. It is primarily involved in the distribution of nutrients and blood throughout the body, and the transportation of deoxygenated blood back to the lungs. Numerical simulation tools, mathematical models and algorithms can be used for the investigation of the human cardiovascular system. The mathematical and numerical modeling of the cardiovascular system encompasses the development of mathematical and computational models along with their efficient numerical solution, in-vivo and in-vitro validation, and filtering the data. It also involves identifying the parameters of mathematical models, devising optimal treatments and accounting for uncertainties. This book provides comprehensive insights on the mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of the human cardiovascular system. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study. This book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.