The part of the nervous system which includes the brain and the spinal cord is known as central nervous system (CNS). It is a system responsible for integrating the received information, coordinating it, and influencing the activities of all body parts. In humans, the skull protects the brain, whereas the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae. The brain and the spinal cord are enclosed in membranes, called meninges. The neuroglial cells are responsible for supporting the interneuronal space in the central nervous system. Neurological imaging of the brain is useful in diagnosing brain disorders. This book provides significant information about the central nervous system to help develop a good understanding of its development and maintenance. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of central nervous system and the recent researches related to it. This book is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts.