Chitosan is a rather abundant material with exquisite properties, which may be processed into a variety of materials including hydrogels, fibres, membranes, etc. The production of chitosan-based nanogels, also known as macromolecular miceles, has been successfully achieved using different techniques, which will be reviewed. This book covers the properties and applications of chitosan nanogels in the biomedical field, namely as a drug delivery vehicle for biopharmaceuticals. The main achievements and recent developments will be addressed in this book.