The vast majority of pharmaceutical prescriptions are for patients aged 55 years and above. As a consequence, the clinical pharmacological development of a new substance must evaluate its safety in the elderly population. Such safety studies focus on a special subgroup of elderly volunteers who have practically no pathological history and are receiving no medication - the healthy elderly subjects. In order to assess any chances from the norm under medication, it is vital to have hard data on what actually constitutes the norm. This volume is the first reference book to provide data on norm values and biological variations for various clinical and laboratory parameters.