Human interactions in Iraq, examined from the perspective of linguistics and sociology, are strongly influenced by conflict and identity shifts, which interfere with communication in the country. Ethnic, religious and linguistic variety-including Arabs, Kurds, Turkmen, Assyrians and others-has been a key element of cultural richness as well as significant divisions throughout history. Due to invasions, wars and political crises, subnational identities have gained strength, reducing national identity and complicating dialogue between different communities.Communication in Iraq faces risks when cultural, ethnic or linguistic differences become grounds for exclusion rather than opportunities for encounter. Language, therefore, is not only a means of communication, but also acts as a symbol of identity that can unite or separate communities. In times of instability, groups often reassert their individual identities, which intensifies social conflicts and hinders cohesion.