Crop breeding refers to the science of altering the traits of plants for human benefit. It can be classified into several types, including hybrid breeding, inbreeding, mutation breeding, backcrossing and gene editing. It can be used to grow superior crop varieties by utilizing biotechnological and genetic advancements. Crop genetics is a branch of genomics that investigates the complete DNA sequence of a crop including all of its chromosomes. The knowledge of DNA sequence helps to make decisions regarding various problems, such as determining which plant genes should be selected for enhanced variety of crops. Crop genetics facilitates breeding crops with particular traits, like biotic and abiotic tolerance, and superior quality. The ultimate goal is to forecast which plants will thrive and under what situations. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of crop genetics and breeding. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area of agricultural science as well as for experts.