An eye, the organ of a visual system, responds to light and provides vision. The optic nerve is a part of the eye that is recognized to be a unique area of sight. It is effective in conveying object representation from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma is one of the most common eye disorders that is widespread among the people in recent years. Intraocular pressure, or increased pressure inside the eye, damages the optic nerve. When the optic nerve is injured, vision loss can occur and blood flow may be disrupted. It results in eye disorder like glaucoma. Figure 1.1 represents a normal human eye and that with glaucoma (Akbar et al. 2022)
Thus, glaucoma is a word that refers to an eye disorder characterized by progressive optic nerve damage with a huge rise in Intra- Ocular Pressure (IOP) (Jonas et al. 2017). To keep eyes moist and healthy, eyes generate a fluid known as aqueous humor. Whenever the fluid is released, an equal amount of fluid should be drained away, ensuring a balance between fluid production and outflow. The pressure inside the eye rises when there is an imbalance caused by either overproduction or incorrect drainage of the fluid. The optic nerve is damaged by this pressure, which is termed as IOP and as a result, glaucoma develops. Thus, increased pressure damages the optic nerve when fluid accumulates as a result of poor drainage or surplus of fluid. Glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy are the two most common causes of blindness in the world. Researchers (Allison et al. 2020) states that there is a gradual growth of glaucoma disease among people. Hence in the day-to-day lives of human beings, early identification of the disease is vital. Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in persons over the age of 60 (Malik et al. 2020). It can affect anyone at any age, but it is more common in the elderly people. It is important for human beings to inspect their eyes on a regular basis in order to protect vision.