This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges posed by illicit drug trafficking and its impact on national security in Nigeria, focusing on a comparative assessment of the strategies employed by the administrations of Goodluck Jonathan and Muhammadu Buhari from 2010 to 2019. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the study integrates primary and secondary data sources to achieve its objectives. The primary data, derived from expert interviews and document analysis, is reinforced with relevant secondary literature, ensuring a robust investigation into the dynamics of drug trafficking and the national security measures adopted during this period. The significance of this book lies in its ability to provide nuanced insights into the policy frameworks, enforcement strategies, and operational activities of the two administrations as they sought to address the pervasive threat of illicit drug trafficking. This book not only examines the effectiveness of these policy approaches but also evaluates their broader implications for crime prevention and governance in Nigeria.