The manifesto of the Escolanovistas, in 1932, stipulated that schools should be secular, free, universal and compulsory. However, after more than 80 years, four Constitutions, the Manifesto of 1959, three different formulations of the Law of Guidelines and Bases (LDB), two National Education Plans, what we find today in Brazil is still educational inequality and a high illiteracy rate. The low quality of education is due to neglect and low investment, which prevent education from keeping pace with the country's cultural, social, political, and economic development. Brazil has delayed the initiative to universalise schooling, denied - and still denies - its slave-owning past and, as a result, has accumulated a historical deficit in this sector. This book proposes an analysis of the remnants of the eugenic education proposed by Getúlio Vargas and the ideology of whitening in Brazilian social formation, in order to ultimately attempt to answer the question of how to address prejudice in the classroom.