The study evaluated the efficacy of propolis gel in the treatment of PE through clinical and cytological analysis. The study involved 30 elderly people with PE who had been treated at FOUSP's Envelhecer Sorrindo Programme. The elderly answered questionnaires on cognition and demographic data; the mucous membranes were diagnosed as to the type of PE and submitted to exfoliative cytological examinations of the palate mucosa and the inner surface of the PT. The patients were randomly given a suspension of nystatin 100,000 IU and propolis gel. Clinically, nystatin showed a better clinical effect than propolis gel at all four analysis times. Exfoliative cytology showed that nystatin reduced the amount of fungus on the inner surface of the maxillary PT (p