The study of the brain and spinal cord neoplasms (tumors) is known as neuro-oncology. These tumors are dangerous and may prove to be fatal. Astrocytoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem cancers are a few types of central nervous system cancers. Diagnostic imaging of the brain and spinal cord, lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and pathologic diagnosis are the standard diagnosis methods of the diseases. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and neurosurgical interventions are standard treatment methods within this field. Advancements in imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) have helped in ensuring accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, response assessment, prognosis, and surveillance of the highly complex CNS malignancies. The book consists of contributions made by international experts. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and the evolution of neuro-oncology are examined in detail within this book. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find it full of crucial and unexplored concepts.