This book provides an extensive analysis of the recent developments and progress made in optical fiber technology highlighting the newest range of optical communication, system and network, sensor, laser, measurement, characterization and devices. It gives emphasis to topics such as optical fiber communication systems and networks, and plastic optical fibers technologies. The chapters within this book have been contributed by prominent academicians and scientists involved in state of the art research in the field of photonics. This work will serve as a reference for readers from both academics and industrial backgrounds.