The correct use of English verb argument structure is crucial for foreign learners of the English language. Based on an experimental study recruiting 162 Chinese English learners at different proficiency levels, this book suggests that the acquisition of English transitivity alternation follows as a consequence of the cognitive processing of language input, which is induced by the nature of task requirements in different learning conditions and influenced by individual differences in language learning aptitude and proficiency level. Readers of this book will have a deeper understanding of all these variables involved and will learn that pedagogical issues should be considered in a more thorough, comprehensive manner to explore better solutions for English learning and teaching.