Contraception is a method of preventing pregnancy. It generally prevents the egg and sperm from fusing together, which results in pregnancy. Vaginal rings, female and male sterilization, oral contraceptive pills, intra uterine devices (IUDs), injectables, lactational amenorrhea techniques, and implants are the most common forms of contraception. These techniques work through various mechanisms and are successful in preventing an unwanted pregnancy. Condoms are the only contraceptive method that can stop a pregnancy, as well as the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV. Females have a number of choices for birth control, which range from intrauterine devices and patches to pills, while males have only two effective birth control methods, namely, vasectomy and condoms. This book explores all the important aspects of female and male contraception. It consists of contributions made by international experts. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.