Principles of DNA Analysis: Provide a comprehensive overview of the principles and techniques of DNA analysis used in forensic genetics, including DNA extraction, amplification (e.g., PCR), sequencing, and interpretation of DNA profiles. Forensic DNA Databases and CODIS: Explore the use of forensic DNA databases, such as the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), in criminal investigations, including the collection, storage, and comparison of DNA profiles to identify suspects and link crime scenes. Applications in Criminal Investigations: Discuss the applications of forensic genetics in criminal investigations, including the analysis of biological evidence (e.g., blood, saliva, hair) recovered from crime scenes, cold case investigations, and victim identification in mass disasters. Ethical and Legal Considerations: Address ethical and legal issues related to the use of DNA evidence in forensic genetics, including privacy concerns, informed consent, DNA sample collection and retention policies, and the admissibility of DNA evidence in court. Future Directions and Emerging Technologies: Discuss emerging technologies and future directions in forensic genetics, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), rapid DNA analysis, and advances in DNA phenotyping, and their potential impact on forensic investigations and criminal justice.