The Far North Region of Cameroon has a fragile ecology and is prey to deforestation problems. Woody species are destroyed for the benefit of human activities. The work raises the problem of the disappearance of woody species in forest reserves. This study is carried out in the Mayo-Kani department, one of the six departments in the Far North region, well represented in terms of forest reserve potential. The author provides some answers and explanations to this worrying and vulnerable situation while opening up perspectives for actions to safeguard biodiversity with a view to sustainable development.