Communities worldwide act on their own initiative, drawing on their own resources of leadership and solidarity, and in spite of poverty, to achieve their own goals. Development practitioners have too often viewed poor communities as helpless and disadvantaged, and have encouraged their dependency. Yet if instead communities are recognized as having social and cultural as well as material assets, and these are what help them to overcome obstacles, then their capacity to negotiate external assistance on their own terms can be strengthened. From the Moroccan villages that secured irrigation infrastructure with the help of returning migrants, to the Egyptian youth leaders who wanted a soccer pitch for their village, and the indigenous women’s cooperative in Ecuador that now exports medicinal plants, this book describes case studies of communities that first built on their own assets, before seeking assistance from outside. What are the common factors that help all these communities mobilize? Do outside organizations have a role to play when communities take charge of their own development? From Clients to Citizens is aimed at community workers, researchers and policy makers who want to take a fresh look at community development.