For the first time, the Max Planck Society is publishing an anthology on gender research, "Fundamental Questions". Thanks to the broad spectrum of disciplines and cultures represented in the Research Association, the authors, who come from various institutes, present their findings in numerous fields of research: law, art history, history of science, neuroscience, computer science and economics. The approaches, topics, issues and methodology of the collected contributions are equally diverse. This diversity shows in the best possible way that the integration of the gender perspective is beneficial not only for applied science and development, but also for basic research.