Geographic information science is a field of research that redefines geographic information by studying data and using different computational techniques. It gathers, interprets and analyses data to provide important and meaningful information. Geographic information systems on the other hand are the software used by this discipline. This book consists of various important and pivotal topics such as spatial analysis, data mining, data structures and algorithms, etc. This book delves into the techniques and technology employed in this field along with its latest applications. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this discipline have been included in this book. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying geographic information science and systems.