A form of therapy which is used to replace the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys is known as renal replacement therapy. It is used in cases like acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Renal replacement therapy involves several ways of filtration of blood such as dialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration and kidney transplantation. The process of artificially removing excess water and toxins from the blood is known as dialysis. It is performed in cases where the patient’s kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions naturally. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of renal replacement. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on renal replacement have been included herein. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.