Taking Karl Marx's theory of history as their point of departure, these essays, extensively revised and rewritten for this volume, chronicle the growth of humanity's power to produce, and the suffering that the byproducts of this freedom—exploitation, lack of freedom, indignity—have caused. Cohen begins with a discussion and defense of historical materialism before expressing his own reservations about the theory, arguing that the truth of historical materialism is far more open than many Marxists believe. He then addresses some of the principal difficulties under which workers labor in contemporary capitalist class society, offering important new insights for all students of politics, political theory, and Marxism.