Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic. This book gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus on such topics as cardiac connexin gap junction channels; the impact of alternative splicing on cardiovascular biology; gender aspects in septic patients receiving QTc prolonging drugs; nanotechnology for cardiovascular therapy; ineffective endocarditis associated to oral bacteremia; neonatal echocardiography; endocarditis symptoms, treatment and prevention; metabolomics in aortic stenosis; mid-term outcome of mitral valve repair and coronary artery bypass grafting for ischemic or degenerative mitral regurgitation; and early repolarisation and ventricular fibrillation in a young Tunisian woman.