In the 23 years since this book was first published, numerous books along the same lines have appeared. Techniques vary minimally, and very few discoveries or developments have been made in the field of using hypnosis in therapy. The research that has appeared largely confirms what has been known for a very long time, such as its efficacy as an adjunct to chemical analgesia and anesthesia for intrusive and painful surgical procedures. However, during that period, a tremendous and astonishing amount of research has appeared in the fields of neurology (especially brain function), endocrinology, and immunology, as well as their interaction and integration with psychological processes. While hypnotic techniques have been much the same over the years, the underlying and mediating roles of these physical mechanisms in hypnosis are now substantially revealed. Understanding how hypnotic suggestions produce physical effects, and how these physical processes affect what is to be done in hypnosis