In this book, we are much more interested in low-level methods which are intended for all students who want to familiarize themselves with the field of processing and analysis of images and vision in university training (License or Master). For this, the document has been organized into seven chapters ranging from the human vision system, formation and acquisition of the image by sensors (Chapter I), and subsequently the definitions of general keywords used in the world of digital images, histograms and their manipulation and effects on images are presented in Chapter II.In Chapter III, the fundamental notions of images formation, storage and color representation are presented with details. After that, we will view the most important concepts of images sampling and quantification in the chapter IV.In Chapter V, we find spatial and frequency linear filtering methods with some very popular filter types. Chapter VI contains a description of some contours detection methods which are based on first and second derivatives. At the end, and in chapter VII, a small introduction to the field of image segmentation was made.