Why have relations between India and China, which comprise nearly forty per cent of the world’s population, been troubled for over sixty years? A war in 1962 was followed by decades of uneasy peace, but in recent years a rising number of serious military confrontations has underlined their huge and growing differences.This book examines these differences in four crucial areas: their perceptions and prejudices about each other; their continuing disagreements over the border; their changing partnerships with America and Russia; and the growing power asymmetry between them, which affects all aspects of their relationship. China demands deference as a Great Power and the dominant country in Asia, while India wants recognition and respect as an equal. With such a deep divide separating the two neighbours, what does the future hold?