This book aims to explain the preparation of solutions and related concentration terms, and stoichiometric calculations, and to apply error analysis in the calibration and use of analytical instruments. It provides knowledge about the theory, instrumentation, and applications of atomic absorption spectrometry, UV-visible, and infrared spectroscopy. It also discusses thermal and electrochemical techniques' instrumentation, theory, and applications. It deliberates the use of different chromatographic methods in the separation and identification of mixtures.