A comprehensive review of intraoperative radiation therapy, beginning with the rationale for innovative treatment and the radiobiology of single doses. Problems encountered in modifying a linear accelerator and a radiation therapy suite are reviewed in detail along with special problems relating to technology, nursing, anesthesiology, and various surgical subspecialties. Intraoperative radiation therapy applicators and dosimetric considerations are also reviewed. This text is a valuable reference tool for institutions planning to develop or construct intraoperative radiation therapy facilities.