This book addresses the arguments of contemporary Muslim thinkers regarding war and peace. It takes into account the confessional, geographical and ideological diversity of Islamic peace ethics and includes papers on peace ethics by different groups and scholars who represent both the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam, as well as on different attitudes towards violence from pacifism and traditionalism to fundamentalism and jihadism. The contributors are academics from different countries including Indonesia, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Germany, the UK, the USA and Belgium. The chapters of the book discuss the topic from different disciplinary perspectives, such as theology, philosophy, religious studies, cultural studies and the political sciences. The book is divided into three parts: a) the methodology and theory of Islamic peace ethics, b) jus ad bellum and c) jus in bello.