The general aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of a group of elementary school teachers in the municipality of Lauro de Freitas - BA, with regard to teaching, learning and assessment in mathematics. The research was carried out with nine 5th grade teachers from municipal schools in the municipality in question. We used two instruments to collect the data: an interview and a questionnaire. The interview was used to obtain profiles of the teachers surveyed, as well as information about their respective schools and their knowledge of mathematics teaching and learning. The questionnaire was divided into three parts, with the aim of collecting data on: I - the teachers' knowledge of the Prova Brasil; II - the teachers' knowledge of the Prova Brasil Evaluation Reference Matrix and III - the teachers' knowledge of some of the questions that make up the Prova Brasil in Mathematics. For theoretical support, we sought national and international contributions.