This book covers a collection of academic experiments in Agricultural Sciences with an emphasis on water deficit and salinity, which are abiotic stresses present in semi-arid regions such as the Brazilian Northeast and affect the growth and productivity of various crops. The book is subdivided into two chapters, the first on water deficit and the second on salinity in irrigation water. This work was the result of research at the State University of Paraíba, campus IV, located in the hinterland of Paraíba, and is aimed at professionals and students interested in the subject. The authors invite readers to enjoy the book, especially researchers who intend to develop studies related to coexistence strategies in environments with water rationing and excess salts in the plant production of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), demonstrating that it is possible to grow crops as long as appropriate management techniques are used. We wish you good reading!