The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located below the rib cage. Each kidney is roughly the size of a fist. If the kidneys lose their function, waste products may accumulate and can potentially lead to life-threatening risks. The most frequent reason for requiring a kidney transplant is loss of kidney function, which causes kidney failure or end-stage chronic kidney disease. A kidney transplant is a type of surgery in which a diseased kidney is replaced with a healthy kidney. The kidney can be taken from either a living donor or deceased organ donor. There are some complications associated with kidney transplants, such as infection, temporary kidney failure, blockage of the blood vessels that supply the new kidney, and inappropriate functioning of the newly replaced kidney. After the transplant, medicines should be consumed to convince the immune system to not attack the transplant and accept it. This book contains some path-breaking studies on kidney transplantation. It provides significant information to help develop a good understanding of the medical complications associated with this medical procedure. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by this book.