Operations research originated during World War II with the military's need for a scientific method of providing executive departments with a quantitative decision-making basis. This volume -- co-written by the father of operations research and one of his closest associates -- originally appeared in classified form but was later made available to scientists, engineers, and other nonmilitary professionals. The authors discuss probability and the use of measures of effectiveness. They explore strategical kinematics, tactical analysis, gunnery and bombardment problems, operational experiments with equipment and tactics, and organizational and procedural problems. This new edition features an introduction by Saul I. Gass. 51 figures. 31 tables.