Fundamentals of Antenna Theory: Provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of antenna theory, including antenna types, radiation patterns, antenna parameters (such as gain, directivity, impedance), and electromagnetic wave propagation. Antenna Design and Optimization: Discuss the design and optimization techniques used in modern antenna systems, including computer-aided design (CAD) tools, numerical electromagnetic simulation methods (such as finite element method and method of moments), and optimization algorithms (such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization). Antenna Integration and System-Level Considerations: Address the integration of antennas into complex communication and radar systems, including system-level considerations such as impedance matching, RF front-end design, antenna arrays, beamforming techniques, and antenna diversity schemes. Emerging Trends and Future Directions: Discuss emerging trends and future directions in antenna systems research and development, such as millimeter-wave and terahertz antennas, massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) systems, antenna-in-package (AiP) integration, and antenna technologies for next-generation wireless communication and sensing applications.