The initial impetus for this book on—bers originated from a weeklong s- posium where scientists of a variety of walks met to discuss their work on—bers with medical and specialty applications. Seeing the benefits of sharing information across disparate fields and disciplines of science we realized the potential for cross-fertilization of ideas between different area of—ber science. Thus, represented here are a variety of potential product lines under the cover of a single book, which for the imaginative scientist we hope will lead to some new food for thought. The fields of medical and specialty—bers include a wide array of naturalandsynthetic textiles,medicaldevices,andspecialtypaperand wood products. Research in these areas has become more interesting to s- entists who are seeking to strike out in new directions based on an impulse to createnewproductsthatmeettheunmetneedsofrapidlygrowing?bermarkets in wound care, prosthetic, and cellulosic arenas. It is hoped that providing new concepts and approaches to working with different types of—brous materials willgivethereadersomepulseof thecurrentclimateandresearchopportunities of medical and specialty—bers. Breakthroughs into a better understanding of wound healing, biomaterial design,—ber surface chemistry and bio- and na- technologies are currently providing the impetus to create the—ber products of the future. The editors feel that a book of this type would be remiss wi- out discussions of the impact interdisciplinary scientific pursuits are having on—ber design.