This book comprehensively explores the latest advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The chapters provide an in-depth review of current approaches and treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease, offering insights into the latest developments and breakthroughs. It also reviews the cutting-edge research on potential novel targets for Alzheimer's pharmacotherapy, with a focus on JNK3, GSK3β, and Fyn kinase inhibitors, providing an update on related approaches and their implications. It discusses the potential of ethnomedicines as a promising tool for mitigating Alzheimer's disease, offering insights into traditional remedies and their modern applications. Additional chapters explore the influence of microglia, the neuropharmacological mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2, and the molecular intricacies of Parkinson’s disease. The book further covers the evolving role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. The chapters also examine the role of nanotechnology in addressing the challenges of diseases like multiple sclerosis. Towards the end, the book examines the role of oxidative damage in neurodegeneration and its management in related disorders. This book is an important source for neuroscientists, neurologists, and students of neuroscience.