This book introduces a variety of well—proven and newly developed nature—inspired optimization algorithms solving a wide range of real—life biomedical and healthcare problems. Few solo and hybrid approaches are demonstrated in a lucid manner for the effective integration and finding solution for a large—scale complex healthcare problem. In the present bigdata—based computing scenario, nature—inspired optimization techniques present adaptive mechanisms that permit the understanding of complex data and altering environments. This book is a voluminous collection for the confront faced by the healthcare institutions and hospitals for practical analysis, storage, and data analysis. It explores the distinct nature—inspired optimization—based approaches that are able to handle more accurate outcomes for the current biomedical and healthcare problems. In addition to providing a state—of—the—art and advanced intelligent methods, it also enlightens an insight for solving diversified healthcare problems such as cancer and diabetes.