Carbon (C) appears in the second row of the periodic table and has four bonding electrons in its valence shell (see our Periodic Table module for more information). Similar to other non-metals, carbon needs eight electrons to satisfy its valence shell. Carbon therefore forms four bonds with other atoms (each bond consisting of one of carbon's electrons and one of the bonding atom's electrons). Every valence electron participates in bonding; thus, a carbon atom's bonds will be distributed evenly over the atom's surface. These bonds form a tetrahedron (a pyramid with a spike at the top),
This workbook is designed to meet the demand of additional study materials duly forwarded to us by fellow aspirants of High Schools. Main source of curriculum design adopted for this book is taken up from CBSE standards. Incorporation of other streams of study is also made for increasing applicability of the study material.
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