Alcohol consumption in all European countries is one of the leading causes for productivity loss, premature death, and accidents and is a hazard to health. Therefore, in order to monitor alcohol consumption in clinical as well as in forensic practice, occupational medicine, at court and for traffic safety and safety at workplaces, biological state markers of high sensitivity and specificity, capable of monitoring those in treatment for alcohol dependence or poly-drug-abusers as well as social drinkers in risky situations (driving, workplaces) are required. The markers known today can not be considered satisfying with regard to these parameters. Therefore the aim of this book is to contribute to improving the above mentioned issues by promoting knowledge on new, by far more accurate, and both disease and time independent alcohol intake markers.