Primary immune thrombocytopenia is not a rare disease. Its diagnosis is of exclusion and may invite unjustified paraclinical studies. The disorder can heal spontaneously or evolve to chronicity. It produces hemorrhages that sometimes lead to death. There are numerous therapeutic resources, expensive or not, with serious adverse events or not; some are surgical; moreover, the treatments are different in children and adults. The present publication reviews all the treatments used and gives guidelines for their selection, based on the authors' experience and the numerous existing Guidelines.