Biochemistry is a sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology that delves into the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. It deals with the structures, interactions and functions of biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. It is divided into metabolism, molecular genetics and protein science. Biochemistry and molecular biology are closely related to each other. The field of study that is concerned with the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell is called molecular biology. This includes the interactions between RNA, DNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions. Microarrays, gel electrophoresis, macromolecule blotting and probing, polymerase chain reaction and molecular cloning are some of the techniques used in this field. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the principles and techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance have been included in it. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide the readers with innovative insights into these fields.