Excerpt from Progress Report on Contract Da-18-064-CML-1860
Several mechanisms which account for the breakup of bulk liquid into drops which may then form an aerosol, are more or less understood at present. The first of these the forma tion of a drop at the end of a capillary tube or eye dropper which depenfs upon gravity in addition to the surface tension and density of the liquid, and the tube diameter, operates too slowly to be of interest in the present connection. The second and most common mechanism is the breakup of a steady jet or stream which issues from some kind of hole or nozzle, as in an ordinary atomizer. The hydrodynamic theory of this type of breakup is based on the fact that the unbroken steady flow is unstable. This means that slight disturbances of the surface introduced at some point of the jet will grow in amplitude in the direction of flow until the amplitude of the surface dis turbance is large enough for opposite surfaces of the jet to touch each other, thus pinching off the jet and forming drops.
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