This monograph focuses on the integrated approach of managing the axillary region and incorporating dietary measures into preventive strategies against breast cancer, particularly in the context of prophylactic mastectomy. It begins by examining the anatomy of the axilla and the pivotal role that lymph nodes play in the metastatic process, then explores the evolution of modern, minimally invasive surgical techniques-such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and targeted axillary dissection-and their positive impact on clinical outcomes. The text further elucidates the influence of dietary factors on both the development and progression of breast cancer, highlighting how diets rich in antioxidants, fiber, and beneficial fatty acids may reduce risk, while unhealthy eating patterns may contribute to tumor growth and dissemination. By advocating for individualized dietary interventions for prophylactic mastectomy candidates, this monograph underscores the potential of combining surgical preparation with nutritional optimization, thereby establishing a comprehensive strategy aimed at preventing and mitigating breast cancer at its earliest stages.